We have collected and selected historical materials related to the Small Swords Society（Xiao Dao Hui） Uprising. Apart from revolutionary literature, the majority of these materials consist of archives, newspapers, private writings, and notes from the reactionary rule of the Qing Dynasty and imperialist forces. These materials have significant historical value, and we have compiled them for researchers' reference. The editing methods we have adopted are as follows:

1. The collected materials, both in Chinese and foreign languages, are complex in content and form. To preserve the original documents, we generally refrain from cutting or fragmenting them. The materials are divided into six sections based on their nature. To provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the history of the Small Swords Society Uprising, we have prepared two introductory pieces: "Overview of the Small Swords Society Uprising" and "Timeline of Major Events in the Small Swords Society Uprising." These sections are accompanied by revolutionary artifacts, photographs, and maps, placed at the beginning of the compilation.

2. The materials in this compilation are divided into six sections: the first section contains literature on the Small Swords Society, the second section consists of records and reports on the uprising and its battles in Shanghai, the third section comprises archival materials on the Qing Dynasty's feudal ruling class suppressing  the Small Swords Society Uprising, the fourth section includes archives and records of foreign invaders' interference in the Small Swords Society Uprising, the fifth section contains other relevant historical materials on the uprising, and the sixth section comprises materials on the uprisings of the people in the counties near Shanghai, along with related materials documenting the response from Ningbo, Zhejiang.

3. Before each section, the editors have provided commentary to explain the content, nature, and historical value of the included materials, allowing readers to gain a clear understanding of each section.

4. Under each material's title, the editors have provided an evaluation to help readers understand the source, version, authors' perspectives, the historical value of the work, and any inaccuracies it may contain.

5. The titles of the materials are generally preserved without modification. Only a few highly reactionary titles that defame the revolution and are intolerable have been modified, with the original titles still included as annotations after the respective materials.

6. With regards to the foreign language materials in this compilation, the majority have been translated and selected by us. The translated names of individuals and places strive to match those already published. When using older translations from various books, we have made uniform changes to names of individuals and places while leaving the rest unchanged. A table providing name translations is included at the end. The most challenging to translate are the revolutionary documents. We have referenced the Chinese style of the Small Swords Society's proclamations to restore their original appearance as much as possible. However, due to significant differences between the Chinese literary style and English writing conventions, we can only strive for approximation.

7. The Chinese materials included in this compilation have undergone collation using different versions. We have selected the better versions and supplemented them using other editions. For example, "The Origins and Development of Westernization" was chosen over "The Qing Veritable Records" due to the former's earlier publication date. Similarly, for revolutionary documents of the Small Swords Society with multiple versions, the best version was chosen as the base text, with other versions used for supplementation and accompanied by explanations.

8. The materials related to the Shanghai Xidao Club Uprising in the North China Herald amount to approximately 160,000 words. Among them are original revolutionary documents that have been lost, detailed reports on the battles, historical records of imperialist occupation of customs and concessions, as well as special features on the Qing Dynasty's feudal rule compromising and surrendering. Based on the nature of these materials, they have been categorized and included in the respective sections. The discovery of revolutionary documents provides new evidence for studying the political situation of the Small Swords Society and their relationship with the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Although the continuous reports on the battles contain the perspective of the aggressors, they are still detailed historical materials of the revolutionary war. Therefore, we have compiled these reports for readers' reference.

9. The sources and origins of the cultural relics' images included in this compilation are indicated. Among them, the photos of Jiading were taken during our own investigation, and the maps were drawn by us.

10. We are currently lacking investigative materials on the Small Swords Society Uprising. We have only conducted preliminary investigations in Jiading. We hope comrades from Shanghai, Jiading, Qingpu, Baoshan, Nanhui, Chuansha, and other counties can assist us in order to supplement the investigative materials in the future.

11. This compilation of historical materials is a thematic collection aimed at organizing the history of the Shanghai people's struggles and supplementing the historical materials of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Due to the limited collection time and insufficient in-depth work, there may inevitably be omissions and errors

我们搜集和选译的有关上海小刀会起义历史资料，除革命文献外，绝大部份是清朝反动统治和帝国主义的档案、报刊、私人论著、笔记等。这些资料都有一定的历史资料价值，我们把这些资料汇编起来，提供研究者参考。所采用的编辑方法说明如下：

(一)本编所收各种中外文资料，内容和形式均极为复杂，为保存原件，一般地不加删削或割裂，依照资料的性质分为六个部份。为使读者对上海小刀会起义的历史有一个概括的认识，编写“上海小刀会起义综叙”和“上海小刀会起义大事表”两种，并附以革命文物图片和地图，列入卷首。

(二)本编资料共分六部份：第一部份为小刀会起义文献，

第二部份为上海小刀会起义期间的记载和战况报道，第三部份为清朝封建统治阶级镇压上海小刀会起义的档案史料，第四部份为外国侵略者干涉上海小刀会起义的档案和记载，第五部份为其他有关上海小刀会起义的史料，第六部份为上海附近各县人民起义史料，并附浙江宁波人民起义响应史料。

(三)本编每一部份之前，均加上编者的按语，说明这一部份资料的内容、性质及其史料价值，使读者对每一部份资料得到明确的认识。

(四)本编在每一种资料标题之下，均加上编者的评介，使读者对于文件的来源、版本、作者的立场观点、作品的史料价值和它的谬误之处，都能得到一个明确的认识。

(五)本编对每一资料的标题，一般地均保持原状，不加删改；只有个别极为反动的标题，诬蔑革命而不可容忍者，酌予修改，仍将原标题附注于该资料后面。

(六)本编所收外文资料，除少数采用前人译本外，绝大部份是我们选译的，所译的人名地名力求与已经出版者相同，至采用旧译各书，除将人名、地名等予以统一外，其余不加改动。并于编末附以译名对照表。最难译的是革命文献，我们参考上海小刀会文告的中文风格，力求恢复本来面目，终因中国文言体与英文文字风格出入很大，只能力求其近似。

(七)本编所收中文资料，曾用不同版本加以校勘，选取较好的版本，另用其他版本校补。例如“筹办夷务始末”比“清实录”成书较早，凡两书互见者，采用“始末”。又如上海小刀会的革命文献，有不同版本的，采用最好的为底本，另用他本校补，并附注说明。

(八)“北华捷报”所载有关上海小刀会起义的资料，共约十六万字。其中有原件已失传的革命文献，有比较详晰的战况报道，有帝国主义侵占海关和租界的史料，亦有清朝封建统治妥协投降的特写。按其资料性质，分别编入各个部份，特别是革命文献的发现，对于研究上海小刀会的政治情况以及他们对太平军的关系可以找到新的证明，关于战况的连续报道，虽然含有侵略者的观点，却是较详细的革命战争史料，因此，把这一批报道汇编起来，供读者们参考。

(九)本编所采用的文物图片，均注明来源和出处。其中嘉定的照片是我们自己调查时拍摄的，地图也是我们草绘的。(十)本编尚缺对上海小刀会起义的调查资料，我们仅在嘉定进行过初步调查，希望上海、嘉定、青浦、宝山、南汇、川沙各县的同志们给以帮助，以便将来能够补充一些调查资料。

(十一)本编的历史资料是为整理上海人民斗争历史和补充太平天国历史资料而编成的一种专题史料汇编，因搜集时间较短，工作不够深入，难免有疏漏错误之处，希望读者予以指正。

To commemorate the 60th anniversary of the great May Fourth Movement, the Shanghai People's Publishing House recently reissued the 'Compilation of Historical Materials on the May Fourth Movement in Shanghai,' edited by the History Research Institute of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences (hereafter referred to as the 'Compilation'). When news of the May Fourth Movement breaking out in Beijing reached Shanghai, the people of Shanghai immediately responded fervently. The students of Shanghai were the first to launch patriotic activities in support of the Beijing students. Subsequently, various sectors and political groups in Shanghai issued appeals, unanimously supporting the patriotic actions of Beijing students and demanding the rejection of the 'Treaty of Versailles,' and the stern punishment of traitors like Cao, Lu, and Zhang. The 'Compilation' extensively portrays and introduces the National Assembly convened by the people of Shanghai, demonstrations, the establishment of the 'Shanghai Student Union' leading the student movement, and the promotion of boycotting Japanese goods by the 'Advocacy of Domestic Goods Association' and 'Open-Air Propaganda Team,' among other actions, in practical support and endorsement of the patriotic actions of Beijing students. These historical materials provide a vivid depiction of the intense mass struggle during that period. It's worth noting that the 'Compilation' also collected materials on the struggle of the people of Shanghai against the comprador bourgeoisie represented by Yu Qiaqing and Zhu Baosan. The comprador bourgeoisie in China were imperialist lackeys, the arch-enemies of the Chinese people. Therefore, at the crucial historical moment of May Fourth, they undoubtedly emerged to sabotage the righteous patriotic struggle of the Chinese people and serve their imperialist masters. The 'Compilation' effectively exposes the vile actions and deeds perpetrated by the comprador bourgeoisie, led by Yu Qiaqing, during the 'Three Abstentions' movement and struggle in Shanghai. After the June Third incident, the workers, students, and business community of Shanghai bravely conducted the 'Three Abstentions' movement, which included strikes, class boycotts, and market closures. Particularly, the political general strike by the working class in Shanghai played a decisive role in achieving the movement's victory. The 'Compilation' contains numerous materials reflecting this aspect. For instance, in addition to going on strike, workers from the Xinji Machine Factory in Shanghai built a wooden arch near the factory entrance inscribed with the words 'Do Not Forget the National Humiliation' to motivate people to persist in the 'Three Abstentions' struggle. The struggle of shop employees was also resolute during this time. A shop employee on Henan Road once wrote in his own blood and posted a sign on the store's door with twelve big characters: 'As long as the students are detained, this store will remain closed.' Many shops had slogans posted outside: 'The nation is on the verge of destruction, no interest in business,' 'Stop business to save detained students,' and similar slogans, indicating the determination to carry the 'Three Abstentions' struggle to the end. The materials collected in the 'Compilation' span from the outbreak of the May Fourth Movement to the establishment of the Communist groups in Shanghai during that period. They have been carefully categorized based on their different natures. Comrade Mao Zedong said: 'The May Fourth Movement occurred under the call of the revolutionary movement of the world at that time, under the call of the Russian Revolution, and under the call of Lenin.' Therefore, the 'Compilation' first utilizes important writings by communist intellectuals, introducing the October Socialist Revolution in Russia and Marxist publications. Additionally, a significant portion of the historical materials in the 'Compilation' is selected from bourgeois newspapers published in Shanghai at that time. However, bourgeois newspaper reports inevitably carry their class biases, making them flawed as historical materials. Furthermore, the 'Compilation' also includes selected opposing materials from relevant archives of the country, annual reports of the Shanghai Public Works Department, and foreign-language newspapers in Shanghai. Through these historical materials, we can gain an understanding of the historical panorama of that time from various perspectives—positive, lateral, and opposing. The 'Compilation' features over forty finely printed historical photographs at the beginning of the book. These include photographs taken at that time and physical images, featuring comrades Li Dazhao, Mao Zedong, Zhou Sili during the May Fourth period, as well as copperplate photographs of 'New Youth,' 'Weekly Review,' 'Xiangjiang Review,' and historical images of the heroic struggle of the Shanghai people during the May Fourth period. They are valuable materials for studying the May Fourth Movement.

为了纪念伟大的五四运动六十周年,上海人民出版社最近重版了上海社会科学院历史研究所编辑的《五四运动在上海史料选辑》(以下简称《选辑》)。当五四运动在北京爆发的消息传到上海后,上海人民立即热烈响应。上海学生首先开展声援北京学生的爱国活动,接着上海各阶层、各政治团体也纷纷发出通电,一致声援北京学生的爱国行动,坚决要求拒签“巴黎和约”,严惩曹、陆、章等卖国贼。《选辑》用较大的篇幅反映和介绍了上海各界人民召开国民大会,举行示威游行,成立领导学生运动的“上海学联”和宣传抵制日货的“劝用国货会’、“露天宣讲团’等等,以实际行动支持和声援北京学生的爱国行动。这些历史资料,为我们提供了一幅生动的如火如茶的群众斗争的历史场面。这里值得一提的是,《选辑》还搜集了上海人民与大买办虞洽卿、朱葆三的斗争。中国的大买办阶级是帝国主义豢养的走狗,是中国人民的死敌,因此,在“五四’这一关键历史时刻,他们必然会跳出来破坏中国人民正义的爱国斗争,为其帝国主义主子效犬马之力。以虞洽卿为首的大买办阶级在上海的“三罢,斗争中干尽了坏事和丑事,《选辑》在这方面也以大量令人信服的材料进行了揭露。“六三”以后上海工人、学生、商界英勇地举行了罢工、罢课、罢市的“三罢,斗争,其中特别是上海工人阶级的政治性大罢工,对争取运动的胜利起了决定性的作用。《选辑》中反映这方面的材料也比较多.例如求新机器厂工人除了进行罢工外,还在厂附近的街口搭建了一座铁木牌楼,上书“毋忘国耻”,以此来激励人们把“三罢”斗争进行到底。当时店员工人的斗争也极坚决,河南路有一店员曾破指血书“学生一日不放,本店一日不开,十二个大字贴于商店门口。许多商店门前贴着标语:“国家将亡,无心营业”,“被拘学生,停市挽救”等标语,表示了要将“三罢’斗争进行到底的决心。《选辑》所收资料是从五四运动爆发到上海共产主义小组成立这一期间的历史资料,并根据不同性质分门别类地加以选编。毛泽东同志说:“五四运动是在当时世界革命号召之下,是在俄国革命号召之下,是在列宁号召之下发生的。”所以《选辑》首先采用了共产主义知识分子的重要论著,介绍俄国十月社会主义革命和马克思主义的报刊;其次,《选辑》中有一大部分历史资料是从当时在上海出版的资产阶级报纸中选录出来的,但资产阶级报纸的报道必然有其阶级的偏见,因此,作为史料来说是有其缺陷的。另外,《选辑》还从有关国家的档案、上海公共租界工部局年报和上海的外文报纸中选录了个别反面资料。我们从这些历史资料中可以从正面、侧面和反面看出当时的历史概貌。《选辑》书首的四十余张印刷精良的历史照片,是当时摄影的和实物的照片,其中有李大钊、毛泽东、周思来同志在“五四”时期的历史照片和《新青年》、《每周评论》、《湘江评论》铜版照片以及上海人民在五四时期英勇斗争的历史图片。它们都是研究五四运动的珍贵资料。

In 1905, brothers Jian Zhaonan and Jian Yujie, both from Nanhai, Guangdong, founded a company in Hong Kong called "Nanyang Brothers Tobacco Company." Initially, they produced "White Crane" brand cigarettes, which gained popularity. However, the company soon faced setbacks and closed down due to competition from British and American tobacco companies. In 1909, they resumed operations and renamed the company "Guangdong Nanyang Brothers Tobacco Company," producing "Double Happiness" cigarettes. In 1916, they established a factory in Shanghai.

In 1918, the company was restructured as Nanyang Brothers Tobacco Corporation Limited, with its headquarters relocated to Shanghai. In 1919, they issued shares to the public, increasing their capital to 15 million Hong Kong dollars, with more than half of the shares owned by the Jian brothers. They set up branch factories in Shanghai, Hong Kong, Hankou, and other places, as well as tin foil factories, printing factories, canning factories, and tobacco curing factories in tobacco-producing areas. Their sales network expanded nationwide and throughout Southeast Asia. During the peak period of Nanyang Brothers, in 1923, Jian Zhaonan, aged 53, suddenly passed away, marking a turning point in the company's fortunes. By 1927, the actual capital reached nearly 20 million yuan. However, after 1927, under the dual pressure of foreign capital and bureaucratic capital, the company's business declined, experiencing consecutive losses from 1928 to 1930, and the capital dwindled to 11.25 million yuan. The company incurred a loss of 2.25 million yuan in 1928 and 3.2 million yuan in 1929. After the severe losses in the late 1920s, from 1930 to 1936, Nanyang's average annual profit was only 700,000 yuan, a fraction of the earlier years' annual profit of 4 million yuan. In 1936, the Jian family actively sought help from Song Ziwen, offering him 200,000 shares at a low price and giving him control over the 200,000 shares they held. In April 1937, Song Ziwen took over Nanyang Brothers Tobacco Company, assuming the position of Chairman. His brother, Song Ziliang, and Shanghai celebrity Du Yuesheng became directors of the company, while Jian Yujie was demoted to the fourth largest shareholder and took on the roles of director and design committee member, effectively assuming a passive position. For the next 12 years, the company was controlled by a bureaucratic group. At the time, Song Ziwen held both public and private positions and utilized funds from the Guangdong Bank, leading the book "Historical Materials of Nanyang Brothers Tobacco Company" published in September 1958 to consider it as "bureaucratic capitalism's plunder and control of national industry." Some argue that this is evidence of Song's corruption. After Song Ziwen took over, Nanyang Brothers managed to survive temporarily. After the July 7th Incident, Nanyang Brothers' factories in Shanghai were bombed by the Japanese, and almost the entire mainland market was lost.

After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, military control was implemented in the Shanghai, Chongqing, Hankou, and Guangzhou factories, confiscating bureaucratic capital and establishing temporary management committees. In February 1951, through a public-private joint venture agreement, Nanyang Brothers Tobacco Company was renamed Public-Private Joint Venture Nanyang Brothers Tobacco Company, with Jian Yujie serving as Vice Chairman and Jian Zhaonan's son, Jian Rilin, appointed as General Manager. By 1957, the company's profits had increased more than tenfold. The Shanghai, Hankou, Guangzhou, and Chongqing factories were successively transformed into separate accounting units and incorporated into the national plan. The Hong Kong factory retained the name Nanyang Brothers Tobacco Corporation Limited and continued to operate. In 1960, the Nanyang board of directors decided to entrust the Hong Kong factory to the General Audit Office of China Bank in Hong Kong. In 1965, the Hong Kong factory relocated from Wan Chai to San Po Kong, and in 1985, it moved again to Matau Kok.

In 1980, the ownership of "Nanyang" officially belonged to the Shanghai Municipal Government. In 1981, the Shanghai Municipal Government registered a wholly-owned subsidiary company called "Shanghai Industrial Company Limited" (the predecessor of "Shanghai Industrial Group") in Hong Kong, and "Nanyang" became a member company under "Shanghai Industrial." In 1987, it was officially transferred to Shanghai Industrial.

1905年由广东南海人简照南和简玉阶兄弟在香港创立，当时“南洋兄弟烟草公司”，最初生产“白鹤”牌香烟，销路一直上升，但不久被英美烟草公司打击下倒闭。1909年复业，改名为“广东南洋兄弟烟草公司”，生产“红双喜”香烟，1916年在上海设厂。

1918年改组为南洋兄弟烟草股份有限公司，总部改在上海。1919年向社会招股，资本增到1500万港元，股份的一半以上为简氏兄弟所有。先后在上海、香港、汉口等地设分厂，并开办锡纸厂、印刷厂和制罐厂，在烟叶产地设烤烟厂，销售机构遍布全国及东南亚各地。在南洋公司最辉煌的时候，1923年，53岁的简照南突然去世。这成为了南洋公司盛极而衰的转折点。1927年实有资本近2000万元。1927年以后，在外国资本与官僚资本双重压迫下，公司营业衰退，1928至1930年出现连续亏损，资本锐减到1125万元。1928年南洋亏损225万元，1929年亏损320万元。在20年代末的严重亏损后，1930至1936年间，南洋的年平均利润为70万元，仅为其早期年利400万元的一个零头。1936年简家主动与宋子文求援，愿以低价让给宋子文20万股，并把简家自己保留的20万股由宋掌握。1937年4月，宋子文入主南洋兄弟烟草公司，宋子文任董事长。其弟宋子良和沪上名人杜月笙成为南洋兄弟公司董事，简玉阶被降为第四大股东，任董事和设计委员，实际处于闲职地位。之后的12年，南洋公司一直为官僚集团把持和控制。宋子文当时的身份是公私要职一身兼，动用的是广东银行的资金，因此被出版于1958年9月的《南洋兄弟烟草公司史料》一书认为是"官僚资本主义对民族工业的掠夺和控制"，也有观点认为这是宋“贪腐”的证据。宋子文入主以后，南洋公司暂时得以维持。"七七事变"后，南洋兄弟在上海的工厂被日本炸毁，大陆市场几乎全数沦丧。

中华人民共和国建立后，大陆内上海厂、重庆厂、汉口厂、广州厂实行了军事监管，没收官僚资本，成立了临时管理委员会。1951年2月，南洋公司通过公私合营协议，企业改名为公私合营南洋兄弟烟草公司，简玉阶出任副董事长，简照南之子简日林被聘为总经理。到1957年，公司盈利增长了10倍以上。上海、汉口、广州、重庆四厂先后改为独立核算单位，全部纳入国家计划。香港厂房仍保留南洋兄弟烟草股份有限公司名称，继续经营，1960年“南洋”董事会决定，委托中国银行驻香港总稽核室代管其香港厂。1965年，香港厂房由湾仔迁往新蒲岗，1985年再迁往马头角。

1980年，“南洋”在产权关系上正式归属上海市政府。1981年，上海市政府在香港注册设立了全资窗口公司“上海实业有限公司”（“上海实业集团”的前身），“南洋”成为“上实”旗下的成员企业。1987年，正式让给上海实业。

This document provides the full list of the staff of the Chinese Maritime Customs, both in Chinese and English, as well as its organizational structure structure and some basic statistics.

This document provides the full list of the staff of the Chinese Maritime Customs, both in Chinese and English, as well as its organizational structure structure and some basic statistics.