Advertising prospectus of the China Funeral Directors.

From 1949 to 1965, the process of the Chinese Communist Party reshaping the new working class was also a journey of shaping 'new individuals.' The Communists attempted to erase the distinction between mental and manual labor, overturning deeply ingrained traditional Chinese notions such as 'all labor is demeaning except for reading,' and forging a new identity capable of engaging in physical labor while possessing advanced technology and culture. This identity was characterized as a 'worker-intellectual,' embodying both the role of a laborer and an intellectual. Essentially, this was a revolutionary transformation of the 'individual.' From a human perspective, the CCP's remaking of the working class was not only a transformation of human nature but also a rediscovery of the complexities within human nature.

1949-1965年，中国共产党再造新工人的过程也是一个塑造“新人”的历程。共产党人试图消除脑力劳动和体力劳动的差别，推翻在传统中国根深蒂固的“万般皆下品、唯有读书高”等观念，塑造出一种既能从事体力劳动、又掌握了先进技术和先进文化，既是工人、又是知识分子的“工人知识分子”形态。从本质上说，这实际上是一场关于“人”的革命。而如果站在人的角度上来看，中共对工人的再造既是一种对人性的改造，也是对复杂人性的重新发现。

Some people say that the history of Shanghai is the 'darling' of the academic world, receiving special attention all along, and indeed, it is so. Renowned overseas scholars such as Frederic Evans Wakeman, Jr, Lee Ou-Fan, Yeh Wen-hsin, and others have produced classic research works about Shanghai, while within the domestic academic community, there is 'A Comprehensive History of Shanghai' edited by Xiong Yuezhi. The distinctive feature of this book lies in its focus not on macro-level narration, but rather on exploring the discontinuity and continuity of Shanghai's history in the early years of liberation from the perspective of micro-level social and cultural aspects such as lanes, cinemas, newspapers, and universities. During the 1950s, a period of profound upheaval, Shanghai's culture, ideas, and customs also retained certain inherent elements, hinting at the complexity of modernization as a comprehensive societal endeavor.

'Despite the city's departure, modernity still remains' — Did old Shanghai truly disappear without a trace? Has the local essence of Shanghai endured? How do the national agenda and urban presence interact?... Just as the questions continue to surface endlessly, almost every query is ripe for in-depth exploration, and each holds potential to spawn new inquiries. This book, starting from the perspectives of 'working people,' 'intellectuals and cultural figures,' and 'ordinary citizens,' reexamines the social and cultural landscape of 1950s Shanghai, with the aim of bringing back that departed city of historical significance into the realm of truth.

有人说上海史是历史学界的“宠儿”，一直受到特别的关注，确实如此。魏斐德、李欧梵、叶文心等海外著名学者都有关于上海的、堪称经典的研究著述，国内学界，则有熊月之主编的《上海通史》。本书特点表现在作者不是宏观叙事，而是从里弄、影院、报业、大学等社会文化微观层面探讨解放初期上海历史的断裂与延续。1950年代的上海，在经历天翻地覆大转折的时候，其文化、观念、习俗也延续着某些惯性的东西。由此也提示我们，整个社会的现代化是一个复杂系统的工程。 “都市远去，摩登犹在”——老上海是否曾消失得无踪影？上海的地方性是否延续？国家“入场”与都市“在场”怎样互动？……如同问题的发掘难以穷尽，几乎每一个问题都大有文章可做，且大有引发新问题的余地。本书仅从“劳动人民”“知识人与文化人”以及“小市民”三个研究主体出发，对1950年代的上海社会文化作一次重访，以期将历史巨变中那个远去的都市拉回到历史的真实中来。

“Seeking Xu Chuanxian: From Shanghai to Beijing" (xun zhao xu chuan xian: cong shang hai dao bei jing) is a biography about Xu Chuanxian, a Chinese postal figure. The author Shi Nian Kan Chai analyzes and presents Xu Chuanxian's life within the context of the era and interpersonal networks. The book draws from historical records, archived documents, industry-related materials, and accounts from individuals who interacted with Xu Chuanxian. The author also conducted in-depth research at historical sites in Shanghai, Chongqing, Hunan, Beijing, Henan, and other places to faithfully explore Xu's life and work, providing a genuine, rich, and profound portrayal of the extraordinary and bittersweet life of a Chinese intellectual in the 20th century. Simultaneously, it bears witness to the development of China's postal system from weakness to strength, reflecting the life trajectory and era's destiny of a generation of intellectuals. The book aims to enable more people to understand the dedicated and upward endeavors of the unsung heroes in that era of significant historical transformations.

The book primarily revolves around Xu Chuanxian's activities from Shanghai to Beijing, with a secondary focus on his father, Xu Xichun (founder of the Qingpu branch of the Chinese Red Cross Society), to illustrate the choices and role of traditional families during the turbulence of the late Qing and early Republican periods, recognizing the significant impact of family and lineage in China's societal transformation. Moreover, the book reflects on the relationship between the "twin cities" of China – Shanghai and Beijing – over the past century and their crucial roles in the country's modern history. It delves into their interactions in areas such as power and capital, conservatism and innovation, introversion and extroversion, localization, and globalization, which reached a delicate balance influencing not only China but also the world. From this perspective, the book can also be viewed as Xu Chuanxian's "Tale of Two Cities," wherein the cultural differences and the relationship between Shanghai and Beijing are projected onto Xu Chuanxian's life.

Xu Chuanxian's life spanned three eras: he was born in 1908 during the late Qing Dynasty, spent most of his life in the tumultuous period of the Republic, and later transitioned into the era of the People's Republic. Proficient in three foreign languages (English, French, and Russian), he traveled extensively to numerous countries, making significant contributions to China's postal industry.

Since Xu Chuanxian joined the Shanghai Post Office as a postal trainee after dropping out from the first year of the Sino-French Institute of Technology in 1924, until his passing in Beijing in 1972, his entire career remained dedicated to the Chinese postal industry. Whether as a junior postal clerk at the Shanghai Post Office, representative of the Chinese Post Office in Vietnam and Myanmar, chief of lessons at the Chinese Post Office General Administration, later as director of the Shanghai Post Office, deputy chief and division chief of the Chinese Post Office General Administration, head of the East China Postal General Administration, Chinese representative to the Universal Postal Union Congress, and later, as deputy head of the International Relations Department of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications and chief of the Chinese Post Office Liaison Bureau, where he attended an international conference as a representative of the People's Republic of China for the first time. Lastly, his role as a teacher at the Beijing Institute of Posts and Telecommunications (now Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications). Throughout the changing tides of the times, what remained unchanged was his professionalism and dedication to serving the Chinese postal industry

The compilation of 'Chronicles of Modern Shanghai' aims not only to record significant events and important matters in modern Shanghai encompassing politics, economy, military, culture, education, healthcare, religious beliefs, citizen life, social customs, and natural phenomena, but also to provide a brief account of nationwide events and events in other regions influenced by Shanghai. This allows readers to grasp the background and context of many events in modern Shanghai, facilitating a clearer understanding and convenient retrieval. Moreover, this historical account holds certain enlightening and instructive value for Shanghai, situated at the crossroads of the century, in its choices and endeavors toward constructing both socialist spiritual and material civilization.

编写《现代上海大事记》，不仅是为了记载现代上海的政治、经济、军事、文化、教育、卫生，乃至宗教信仰、市民生活、社会风俗，以及自然变异等诸方面的大事、要事，并简要记述发生在外地的全国性大事与外地因受上海影响而发生的事件，使读者对现代上海的诸多事件能够掌握来龙去脉，有比较清晰的了解和检索的方便。而且更因为这段历史进程对上海处在世纪之交的选择，对建设社会主义精神文明和物质文明，具有一定的启迪和借鉴。

To commemorate the 60th anniversary of the great May Fourth Movement, the Shanghai People's Publishing House recently reissued the 'Compilation of Historical Materials on the May Fourth Movement in Shanghai,' edited by the History Research Institute of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences (hereafter referred to as the 'Compilation'). When news of the May Fourth Movement breaking out in Beijing reached Shanghai, the people of Shanghai immediately responded fervently. The students of Shanghai were the first to launch patriotic activities in support of the Beijing students. Subsequently, various sectors and political groups in Shanghai issued appeals, unanimously supporting the patriotic actions of Beijing students and demanding the rejection of the 'Treaty of Versailles,' and the stern punishment of traitors like Cao, Lu, and Zhang. The 'Compilation' extensively portrays and introduces the National Assembly convened by the people of Shanghai, demonstrations, the establishment of the 'Shanghai Student Union' leading the student movement, and the promotion of boycotting Japanese goods by the 'Advocacy of Domestic Goods Association' and 'Open-Air Propaganda Team,' among other actions, in practical support and endorsement of the patriotic actions of Beijing students. These historical materials provide a vivid depiction of the intense mass struggle during that period. It's worth noting that the 'Compilation' also collected materials on the struggle of the people of Shanghai against the comprador bourgeoisie represented by Yu Qiaqing and Zhu Baosan. The comprador bourgeoisie in China were imperialist lackeys, the arch-enemies of the Chinese people. Therefore, at the crucial historical moment of May Fourth, they undoubtedly emerged to sabotage the righteous patriotic struggle of the Chinese people and serve their imperialist masters. The 'Compilation' effectively exposes the vile actions and deeds perpetrated by the comprador bourgeoisie, led by Yu Qiaqing, during the 'Three Abstentions' movement and struggle in Shanghai. After the June Third incident, the workers, students, and business community of Shanghai bravely conducted the 'Three Abstentions' movement, which included strikes, class boycotts, and market closures. Particularly, the political general strike by the working class in Shanghai played a decisive role in achieving the movement's victory. The 'Compilation' contains numerous materials reflecting this aspect. For instance, in addition to going on strike, workers from the Xinji Machine Factory in Shanghai built a wooden arch near the factory entrance inscribed with the words 'Do Not Forget the National Humiliation' to motivate people to persist in the 'Three Abstentions' struggle. The struggle of shop employees was also resolute during this time. A shop employee on Henan Road once wrote in his own blood and posted a sign on the store's door with twelve big characters: 'As long as the students are detained, this store will remain closed.' Many shops had slogans posted outside: 'The nation is on the verge of destruction, no interest in business,' 'Stop business to save detained students,' and similar slogans, indicating the determination to carry the 'Three Abstentions' struggle to the end. The materials collected in the 'Compilation' span from the outbreak of the May Fourth Movement to the establishment of the Communist groups in Shanghai during that period. They have been carefully categorized based on their different natures. Comrade Mao Zedong said: 'The May Fourth Movement occurred under the call of the revolutionary movement of the world at that time, under the call of the Russian Revolution, and under the call of Lenin.' Therefore, the 'Compilation' first utilizes important writings by communist intellectuals, introducing the October Socialist Revolution in Russia and Marxist publications. Additionally, a significant portion of the historical materials in the 'Compilation' is selected from bourgeois newspapers published in Shanghai at that time. However, bourgeois newspaper reports inevitably carry their class biases, making them flawed as historical materials. Furthermore, the 'Compilation' also includes selected opposing materials from relevant archives of the country, annual reports of the Shanghai Public Works Department, and foreign-language newspapers in Shanghai. Through these historical materials, we can gain an understanding of the historical panorama of that time from various perspectives—positive, lateral, and opposing. The 'Compilation' features over forty finely printed historical photographs at the beginning of the book. These include photographs taken at that time and physical images, featuring comrades Li Dazhao, Mao Zedong, Zhou Sili during the May Fourth period, as well as copperplate photographs of 'New Youth,' 'Weekly Review,' 'Xiangjiang Review,' and historical images of the heroic struggle of the Shanghai people during the May Fourth period. They are valuable materials for studying the May Fourth Movement.

为了纪念伟大的五四运动六十周年,上海人民出版社最近重版了上海社会科学院历史研究所编辑的《五四运动在上海史料选辑》(以下简称《选辑》)。当五四运动在北京爆发的消息传到上海后,上海人民立即热烈响应。上海学生首先开展声援北京学生的爱国活动,接着上海各阶层、各政治团体也纷纷发出通电,一致声援北京学生的爱国行动,坚决要求拒签“巴黎和约”,严惩曹、陆、章等卖国贼。《选辑》用较大的篇幅反映和介绍了上海各界人民召开国民大会,举行示威游行,成立领导学生运动的“上海学联”和宣传抵制日货的“劝用国货会’、“露天宣讲团’等等,以实际行动支持和声援北京学生的爱国行动。这些历史资料,为我们提供了一幅生动的如火如茶的群众斗争的历史场面。这里值得一提的是,《选辑》还搜集了上海人民与大买办虞洽卿、朱葆三的斗争。中国的大买办阶级是帝国主义豢养的走狗,是中国人民的死敌,因此,在“五四’这一关键历史时刻,他们必然会跳出来破坏中国人民正义的爱国斗争,为其帝国主义主子效犬马之力。以虞洽卿为首的大买办阶级在上海的“三罢,斗争中干尽了坏事和丑事,《选辑》在这方面也以大量令人信服的材料进行了揭露。“六三”以后上海工人、学生、商界英勇地举行了罢工、罢课、罢市的“三罢,斗争,其中特别是上海工人阶级的政治性大罢工,对争取运动的胜利起了决定性的作用。《选辑》中反映这方面的材料也比较多.例如求新机器厂工人除了进行罢工外,还在厂附近的街口搭建了一座铁木牌楼,上书“毋忘国耻”,以此来激励人们把“三罢”斗争进行到底。当时店员工人的斗争也极坚决,河南路有一店员曾破指血书“学生一日不放,本店一日不开,十二个大字贴于商店门口。许多商店门前贴着标语:“国家将亡,无心营业”,“被拘学生,停市挽救”等标语,表示了要将“三罢’斗争进行到底的决心。《选辑》所收资料是从五四运动爆发到上海共产主义小组成立这一期间的历史资料,并根据不同性质分门别类地加以选编。毛泽东同志说:“五四运动是在当时世界革命号召之下,是在俄国革命号召之下,是在列宁号召之下发生的。”所以《选辑》首先采用了共产主义知识分子的重要论著,介绍俄国十月社会主义革命和马克思主义的报刊;其次,《选辑》中有一大部分历史资料是从当时在上海出版的资产阶级报纸中选录出来的,但资产阶级报纸的报道必然有其阶级的偏见,因此,作为史料来说是有其缺陷的。另外,《选辑》还从有关国家的档案、上海公共租界工部局年报和上海的外文报纸中选录了个别反面资料。我们从这些历史资料中可以从正面、侧面和反面看出当时的历史概貌。《选辑》书首的四十余张印刷精良的历史照片,是当时摄影的和实物的照片,其中有李大钊、毛泽东、周思来同志在“五四”时期的历史照片和《新青年》、《每周评论》、《湘江评论》铜版照片以及上海人民在五四时期英勇斗争的历史图片。它们都是研究五四运动的珍贵资料。

As early as March 1962, the History Institute of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, following the instructions of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, began to organize efforts to compile historical materials on the May Thirtieth Movement. Within three years, a large amount of data was accumulated. Due to the influence of the Cultural Revolution, this work was halted for more than a decade and only resumed in 1978, gradually compiling and publishing the results. 'Historical Materials of the May Thirtieth Movement' is divided into three volumes, published by Shanghai People's Publishing House in November 1981, August 1986, and December 2005, with a total word count of 2.12 million. It is the first relatively systematic collection of materials on the May Thirtieth Movement after the founding of the People's Republic of China.

In terms of content, it can be divided into five major parts:

1. Important works, memories, and historical documents.
2. From the February strikes to the outbreak of the May Thirtieth Movement.
3. Activities of various classes and groups in Shanghai during the May Thirtieth Movement.
4. The spread of the May Thirtieth Movement nationwide, overseas Chinese, and international support.
5. The repression and sabotage of the May Thirtieth Movement by imperialism and warlord governments.

The book draws extensively from a wide range of sources, including more than a dozen Chinese and foreign newspapers such as 'Rehe Daily,' 'Republic of China Daily,' 'Shen Bao,' 'Sin Wan Pao ,' 'The China Press,' and 'North China Daily Herald,' as well as more than forty Chinese and foreign journals such as 'Xiangdao,' 'China Youth,' 'Shanghai General Trade Union Daily,' 'Blood Tide Daily,' 'National News Weekly,' 'Illustrated Times,' 'Militzer's Review,' and 'China Economic Monthly,' as well as relevant books and archives.

早在1962年3月，上海社会科学院历史研究所就秉承中共上海市委的指示，开始组织力量编纂五卅运动的史料，3年间便积累了大量的资料。由于“文革”的影响，该工作停顿了十多年，直到1978年才重上轨道，并将成果陆续汇编出版。《五卅运动史料》分为3卷，分别由上海人民出版社出版于1981年11月、1986年8月、2005年12月，总字数达212万，是为建国后第一部较为系统的五卅运动资料书。若以内容划分，则可分为五大部分，即：一、重要论著、回忆和历史文件；二、从二月罢工到五卅运动的爆发；三、五卅运动中上海各阶级、各团体的活动；四、五卅运动在全国各地的展开、侨胞和国际支援；五、帝国主义、军阀政府对五卅运动的镇压和破坏。 该书取材广泛，包括《热血日报》、《民国日报》、《申报》、《新闻报》、《大陆报》、《字林西报》等十几种中外文报纸和《向导》、《中国青年》、《上海总工会日刊》、《血潮日报》、《国闻周报》、《图画时报》、《密勒氏评论报》、《中国经济月刊》等四十余种中外文期刊，以及相关书籍、档案。

The materials compiled in this volume constitute the fourth part of 'Historical Materials of the May Thirtieth Movement': the development of the May Thirtieth Movement across the country, support from overseas Chinese and the international community; and the fifth part: the repression and sabotage of the May Thirtieth Movement by imperialism and warlord governments.

本卷所辑资料是《五卅运动史料》的第四部分:五卅运动在全国各地的开展、侨胞和国际支援;第五部分:帝国主义、军阀政府对五卅运动的镇压与破坏。

As early as March 1962, the History Institute of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, following the instructions of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, began to organize efforts to compile historical materials on the May Thirtieth Movement. Within three years, a large amount of data was accumulated. Due to the influence of the Cultural Revolution, this work was halted for more than a decade and only resumed in 1978, gradually compiling and publishing the results. 'Historical Materials of the May Thirtieth Movement' is divided into three volumes, published by Shanghai People's Publishing House in November 1981, August 1986, and December 2005, with a total word count of 2.12 million. It is the first relatively systematic collection of materials on the May Thirtieth Movement after the founding of the People's Republic of China.

In terms of content, it can be divided into five major parts:

1. Important works, memories, and historical documents.
2. From the February strikes to the outbreak of the May Thirtieth Movement.
3. Activities of various classes and groups in Shanghai during the May Thirtieth Movement.
4. The spread of the May Thirtieth Movement nationwide, overseas Chinese, and international support.
5. The repression and sabotage of the May Thirtieth Movement by imperialism and warlord governments.

The book draws extensively from a wide range of sources, including more than a dozen Chinese and foreign newspapers such as 'Rehe Daily,' 'Republic of China Daily,' 'Shen Bao,' 'Sin Wan Pao ,' 'The China Press,' and 'North China Daily Herald,' as well as more than forty Chinese and foreign journals such as 'Xiangdao,' 'China Youth,' 'Shanghai General Trade Union Daily,' 'Blood Tide Daily,' 'National News Weekly,' 'Illustrated Times,' 'Militzer's Review,' and 'China Economic Monthly,' as well as relevant books and archives.

早在1962年3月，上海社会科学院历史研究所就秉承中共上海市委的指示，开始组织力量编纂五卅运动的史料，3年间便积累了大量的资料。由于“文革”的影响，该工作停顿了十多年，直到1978年才重上轨道，并将成果陆续汇编出版。《五卅运动史料》分为3卷，分别由上海人民出版社出版于1981年11月、1986年8月、2005年12月，总字数达212万，是为建国后第一部较为系统的五卅运动资料书。若以内容划分，则可分为五大部分，即：一、重要论著、回忆和历史文件；二、从二月罢工到五卅运动的爆发；三、五卅运动中上海各阶级、各团体的活动；四、五卅运动在全国各地的展开、侨胞和国际支援；五、帝国主义、军阀政府对五卅运动的镇压和破坏。 该书取材广泛，包括《热血日报》、《民国日报》、《申报》、《新闻报》、《大陆报》、《字林西报》等十几种中外文报纸和《向导》、《中国青年》、《上海总工会日刊》、《血潮日报》、《国闻周报》、《图画时报》、《密勒氏评论报》、《中国经济月刊》等四十余种中外文期刊，以及相关书籍、档案。

The minutes of the Shanghai Municipal Council offer a detailed view of the internal management of municipal affairs in the International Settlement of Shanghai from 1854 to 1943.