| 摘要 | On the surface, the Anti-Japanese Society was established by local Guomindang (Nationalist) Party headquarters on orders from the Central Committee. But in fact, the society was a civil organization spontaneously established by the common people. in the early stages, when it was controlled by the Nanjing Guomindang and the Nationalist government, the society mainly undertook a peaceful movement to break off relations with Japan. in the later stages, except for a few local branches in Shanghai and other places, the leadership of most branches of the society fell into the hands of the Guomindang reorganization faction and by and large were not dominated by the Nanjing Guomindang or the Nationalist government. From its inception, the society called on the Nanjing Guomindang and Nationalist government to revive the mass movement and pursue revolutionary diplomacy. The society vigorously advocated a fair resolution of the 1928 Jinan Incident and the abolition of unequal treaties between China and Japan. Their activities to some degree delayed the signing of the humiliating Jinan Agreement. Though the society occasionally overreacted during the movement to break off economic relations with Japan and during the Nanjing Nationalist government's negotiations with Japan, its stance and actions in defense of national sovereignty and the national interest should be commended. |
